In a second part of the course we will give an introduction to the most important methods that are nowadays used to determine structures of biological macromolecules. As all involved teachers are performing research in direct neighborhood to the lecture room we can give you a direct insight in how these methods work by holding a large number of practical exercises using research instruments. You will both learn the theoretical background for the methods and also use tools that are used to handle structural information and to study their properties. You will perform simple steps that are part of a structural analysis.

The course is in particular attractive for students who want to build up solid knowledge about current methods in the field and who wish to prepare themselves for to work in structural biology related research.

(in bold: principal literature)

Course compendium

K. D. Berndt, M. Flocco-Henningsson, H. Hebert, Ph. Koeck, L. Nilsson, Structural Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, August 1999 (exemplars can be obtained from Lennart Nilsson, lennart.nilsson@csb.ki.se)

Protein structure

C. Brändén, J. Tooze, Introduction to Protein Structure, ISBN 0-8153-2304-2, Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, 2nd ed., 1999.

X-ray crystallography:

• Protein Crystallography Course at the Section for Structural Medicine at the Department of Haematology in the University of Cambridge and the Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)
• J. Drenth, Principles of Protein Crystallography, ISBN 0-387-94091-X, Springer Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2nd ed., 1999.
• G. H. Stout, L. H. Jensen, X-ray structure determination, a practical guide, ISBN 0-471-60711-8, John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore, 2nd ed., 1989.
• G. Rhodes, Crystallography made clear, ISBN 0-12-587075-2, Academic Press, San Diego, London, 1993.
  
• D. E. McRee, Practical Protein Crystallography, ISBN 0-12-486050-8, Academic Press, San Diego, London, 1993.

Electron microscopy:

Internet:

http://cryoem.berkeley.edu/~nieder/em_for_dummies
http://www.yorvic.york.ac.uk/~cowtan/fourier/fourier.html
http://www.ysbl.york.ac.uk/~cowtan/sfapplet/sfintro.html
http://www.yorvic.york.ac.uk/~cowtan/fourier/ftheory.html
http://www.yorvic.york.ac.uk/~cowtan/fourier/convthry.html
http://www.mih.unibas.ch/Booklet/Booklet96/Booklet96.html
http://www.mih.unibas.ch/Booklet/Lecture/TOC.html
http://www.biophysics.org/btol/img/Chiu.pdf

Articles:

Walz T, Grigorieff N 1998; Electron Crystallography of Two-Dimensional Crystals of Membrane Proteins. Journal of Structural Biology 121 (2), 142-161

Van Heel M et al. 2000; Single particle electron cryo-microscopy: towards atomic resolution. Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 33 (4), 307-369

Books:

Microscopy:

Biophysical Electron Microscopy, Basic Concepts and Modern Techniques, editors: Hawkes and Valdre, Academic Press, 1990, ISBN 0-12-333355-5; Chapters 3 and 7

Electron Microscopy and Analysis 3.ed., PJ Goodhew, FJ Humphreys and R Beanland, Taylor and Francis 2001, ISBN 0 7484 0968 8; Chapters 1 to 4

Electron Crystallography:

Structural Electron Crystallography, Douglas L. Dorset, Plenum Press 1995, ISBN 0-306-45049-6

Single Particle Reconstruction:

Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies, Joachim Frank, Academic Press, 1996, ISBN 0-12-265040-9

NMR spectroscopy:

J. Cavanagh, W. J. Fairbrother, A. G. Palmer III, N. J. Skelton, Protein NMR Spectroscopy, Principles and Practive, ISBN 0-12-164490-1, Academic Press, San Diego, London, 1996.
Kessler et al.,  Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 490-536, (1988);
Sørensen et al., Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 16, 163 (1983);